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Frequently Asked Questions
Q. 1) Security in Big Data :Identify and explain five key security challenges in Big Data environments. For each challenge, describe a technology or method used to mitigate it.
Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to sensitive data. Mitigation: Use encryption and access control mechanisms. Data Integrity: Ensuring data is not tampered with. Mitigation: Implement cryptographic hash functions. Unauthorized Access: Improper authentication or authorization. Mitigation: Use role-based access control (RBAC) and multifactor authentication (MFA). Data Privacy: Protecting personally identifiable information (PII). Mitigation: Use data anonymization techniques. Secure Data Storage: Risks associated with storing massive datasets. Mitigation: Use secure cloud storage and database solutions.
Q. 2) Ethics and Governance: List and briefly explain five ethical considerations that must be addressed when implementing Big Data solutions. Identify five policies or regulations commonly adopted to govern the use and management of Big Data, and provide a short description of their significance.
Ethical Considerations: Privacy: Respect for individuals’ data. Bias: Avoiding discriminatory outcomes. Transparency: Clear explanations of data usage. Accountability: Assigning responsibility for errors. Consent: Gaining user agreement before collecting data. Policies and Regulations: GDPR: Protects data privacy in the EU. HIPAA: Regulates health data in the US. CCPA: Focuses on consumer rights in California. Data Protection Act: UK law for data privacy.
Q. 3) Identify and explain the four main components of IoT architecture. (12 Marks) Describe two common communication protocols used in IoT and their significance in data transmission. (8 Marks)
Four Main Components: Perception Layer: Sensors and devices. Network Layer: Connectivity and communication. Processing Layer: Data storage and analysis. Application Layer: Interfaces for end-users. Communication Protocols: MQTT: Lightweight protocol for real-time messaging. CoAP: Efficient for constrained devices.
Q. 4) List and describe the three core components of the Hadoop ecosystem. (12 Marks). Explain the role of MapReduce and YARN in processing and resource management.
Core Components: HDFS: Distributed storage system. MapReduce: Parallel data processing. YARN: Resource management and scheduling. Additional Components: Hive: SQL-like querying for structured data. HBase: NoSQL database for real-time processing.
Q. 5) Describe the three service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) used in cloud computing. (12 Marks) .Explain the two primary benefits and two challenges of using cloud computing for Big Data analytics.
Service Models: IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service (e.g., AWS EC2). PaaS: Platform as a Service (e.g., Google App Engine). SaaS: Software as a Service (e.g., Google Workspace). Benefits of Cloud Computing for Big Data: Scalability: Handle growing datasets. Cost-Effectiveness: Pay-as-you-go pricing. Challenges: Security risks in shared environments. Dependence on service providers.
Q. 6) dentify and explain three practical applications of IoT in smart cities. (12 Marks) . Discuss two challenges in implementing IoT solutions in urban environments. (8 Marks)
Q. 7) List and describe five common security threats in IoT systems. (12 Marks)
Explain two measures to mitigate IoT-related cybersecurity risks. (8 Marks)
Q. 8) Explain the two major layers of Hadoop (HDFS and MapReduce) and their functions. (12 Marks). Discuss two additional components (Hive and HBase) and their roles in Big Data processing. (8 Marks)
HDFS: Stores data across multiple nodes. MapReduce: Processes data in parallel. Additional Components: Hive: Simplifies querying. HBase: Supports fast read/write operations.
Q. 9) Explain the role of machine learning in IoT data analytics. (12 Marks)
Provide two examples where machine learning enhances IoT applications and justify their impact. (8 Marks)
.Role: Processes large IoT datasets for predictive analytics. Examples: Predictive Maintenance: Prevent equipment failure. Smart Energy Management: Optimize consumption.
Q. 10) Describe the three key challenges of integrating IoT with Big Data technologies. (12 Marks) . Explain two technologies (e.g., Apache Kafka, Spark) used for handling IoT-generated Big Data streams. (8 Marks)
Challenges: Real-time processing of streams. Storage and scalability. Security and privacy concerns. Technologies: Apache Kafka: Handles real-time streaming. Apache Spark: Performs in-memory computation.
Q. 11) Introduction For this course Units 2, 4, 6, and 8, contain examples of research related to the content contained in the chapter. Instructions on how to analyze the assigned research example are provided separately in the course shell. This exercise is intended to provide you with the opportunity to interpret research content for the purpose of application in the workplace. In this way, you can gain experience of researching and understanding how topics apply to the current environment. Click for Learning Outcomes Directions For the final selection project, you are presenting your findings and reflections on how the research can be applied to your current or future job. Your presentation should summarize the responses for each research assignment, rather than copy the previous assignments to the Power Point Slides. Remember, you are compiling the most important parts of your research to present as a report. Submission Requirements • Review the grading rubric prior to completing this assignment. Complete the questions above, and be sure to o Fully answer each area within the assignment details. o Submit at least 10 slides that does not include the title page, reference page, or charts document for each area o Audio clip should be added to each slide with a 2-3 min explanation. o Follow proper APA formatting. o Include at least two outside source within the past 2 years. Research Analysis -Summary Presentation Criteria Content view longer description Length and Format view longer description Citations view longer description Grammar and Spelling view longer description Ratings 15 to >10 pts Meets Expectations Includes in a summary research from previous units with a conclusion section in a brief, clear, Power Point presentation. Displays an exceptional familiarity with content evidenced by a strong summary. 10 to >7 pts Meets Expectations Includes all 8 question responses, recommendation and conclusion section, and reference list. 10 to >7 pts Meets Expectations Properly cites reference materials used. 5 pts Meets Expectations Exceptional use of proper English and free of all typographical errors and grammatical mistakes. APA format is used. 10 to >5 pts Developing Includes in a summary research from previous units with a conclusion but is not concise and as clear in presentation. Displays a good understanding of content, as evidenced by summary reflections. 7 to >4 pts Developing Includes most of 8 question responses. recommendation and conclusion section, and reference list. 7 to >4 pts Developing A few incorrect or missing citations and/or reference list entries. 3 pts Developing Proper use of English and generally free of typographical errors and grammatical mistakes. APA format is slightly used. 5 to >0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations Fails to responds to most assignment requirements. Does not displays an understanding of content, as evidenced by lack of analysis and conclusions drawn from the material. 4 to >0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations Includes less than 5 of the question responses, little to no recommendation or conclusion section and reference list. 4 to >0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations Multiple incorrect or missing citations and/or reference list entries 0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations Multiple English errors, typographical errors, and grammatical mistakes. APA is not utilized. Pts / 15 pts / 10 pts / 10 pts / 5 pts Total Points: 0
Structure: Create a 10-slide PowerPoint presentation with concise summaries for each research unit. Include voice-over explanations for each slide (2–3 minutes per slide). Format in APA style and cite sources from the past two years.
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