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Frequently Asked Questions
Q. 1) what is changing one requirement while taking into account competing requirements? A. Software feasibility; B. Software consistency; C. Software Maintainability D. Software Stability
D. Software Stability
Q. 2) What is the process of assessing the impact of a proposed change to a software system while considering potential ripple effects?A. Software Modifiability B. Impact Analysis C. Code Refactoring D. Software Scalability
B. Impact Analysis
Q. 3) What term refers to the ability of software to adapt to changes in requirements without extensive rework? A. Software Scalability
B. Software Flexibility C. Software Integrity D. Software Stability.
B. Software Flexibility Explanation: Software flexibility refers to how easily a system can be adapted to new or changing requirements without significant redesign or redevelopment.
Q. 4) What is the process of ensuring a software system continues to function correctly after modifications? A. Regression Testing B. Unit Testing C. Integration Testing D. Usability Testing
A. Regression Testing Explanation: Regression testing verifies that recent code changes do not adversely affect existing functionality, ensuring the system operates as intended.
Q. 5) What describes a software system's ability to perform well under increasing workloads?A. Software Reliability B. Software Efficiency
C. Software Scalability D. Software Portability.
C. Software Scalability Explanation: Software scalability refers to the ability of a system to handle an increase in workload or user demands without performance degradation.
Q. 6) What refers to the ease with which a software system can be transferred to a different environment? A. Software Maintainability B. Software Portability C. Software Feasibility D. Software Adaptability
B. Software Portability Explanation: Software portability is the ability to transfer a system or application across different platforms or environments with minimal changes.
Q. 7) Which software quality attribute ensures that different components of a system function as a unified whole? A. Software Modularity B. Software Compatibility C. Software Interoperability D. Software Usability
C. Software Interoperability Explanation: Software interoperability ensures that various system components or external systems work together seamlessly, enabling communication and functionality.
Q. 8) NFA to DFA Conversion [8 points] Convert the following NFA to an equivalent DFA which decides the same language: 0,1,2,3 0,1,2,3 B 3 E
NFA Description: States: {A, B, C, D} Start State: A Accepting State: D Alphabet: {0, 1} Transitions: From state A: On 0, transition to {A, B}. On 1, transition to {A}. From state B: On 0, transition to {C}. On 1, transition to {B}. From state C: On 0, transition to {D}. On 1, no transition. From state D: On 0, no transition. On 1, transition to {C}. Steps to Convert to DFA: Initial DFA State: {A} (the NFA start state). Build Transition Table for Combined States: Track the reachable states for each input symbol (0, 1) from every DFA state. DFA State On 0 → On 1 → {A} {A, B} {A} {A, B} {A, B, C} {A, B} {A, B, C} {A, B, C, D} {A, B} {A, B, C, D} {A, B, C, D} {A, B, C} {A} {A, B} {A} DFA Construction: Start State: {A} Accepting States: Any DFA state containing {D}. In this case: {A, B, C, D} Transitions: Combine results from the table.
Q. 9) Convert the following NFA to an equivalent DFA that accepts the same language:The NFA has four states: {A, B, C, D}.Start State: A Accepting State: D Alphabet: {0, 1} From state A: On input 0, transition to states A and B; on input 1, transition to state A. From state B: On input 0, transition to state C; on input 1, transition to state B. From state C: On input 0, transition to state D; on input 1, no transition. From state D: On input 0, no transition; on input 1, transition to state C. construct the equivalent DFA by deriving its states and transitions. Specify the DFA's start state and accepting states.
NFA Description: States: {U, V, W} Start State: U Accepting States: {V} Alphabet: {a, b} Transitions: From state U: On a, transition to {U, V}. On b, transition to {W}. From state V: On a, no transition. On b, transition to {U}. From state W: On a, transition to {V}. On b, no transition. Steps to Convert to DFA: Initial DFA State: {U}. Build Transition Table: DFA State On a → On b → {U} {U, V} {W} {U, V} {U, V} {W, U} {W} {V} Ø {V} Ø {U} {W, U} {V, U} {W} DFA Construction: Start State: {U} Accepting States: {U, V}, {V}, {V, U} Transitions: Derived from the table above.
Q. 10) The NFA described below must be converted to its equivalent DFA: States: {U, V, W} Start State: U Accepting States: {V} Alphabet: {a, b}
From state U: 1. On input a, transition to states U and V; on input b, transition to state W. 2. From state V: On input a, no transition; on input b, transition to state U.3. From state W: On input a, transition to state V; on input b, no transition. Task 1. Find the equivalent DFA. 2. Indicate the start and accepting states.
NFA Description: States: {U, V, W} Start State: U Accepting States: {V} Alphabet: {a, b} Transitions: From state U: On a, transition to {U, V}. On b, transition to {W}. From state V: On a, no transition. On b, transition to {U}. From state W: On a, transition to {V}. On b, no transition. Steps to Convert to DFA: Initial DFA State: {U}. Build Transition Table
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